More like 'Cecil Lee business records series'
Narrow Results By
Subject
- Advertising Medium - Signs and Signboards 1
- Aerial Photographs 1
- Agricultural Tools and Equipment 16
- Agricultural Tools and Equipment - Plows 1
- Agriculture 55
- Agriculture - Beekeeping 3
- Agriculture - Crops 40
- Agriculture - Dairy 7
- Agriculture - Farms 220
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries 49
- Agriculture - Orchards 6
- Agriculture - Poultry 7
Creator
- Adams, Edith 1
- Association for Living Historical Farms and Agricultural Museums, U.S.A. 1
- Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums 5
- Bartel, Mario 5
- Battistoni, Peter 1
- Beatty Bros Limited 1
- Binks, James 1
- Born, A. J. 2
- Brittain, John, 1849-1913 1
- Bullen, Harry Elder 1
- Burnaby Village Museum 16
- Canadian Organic Growers 4
Loading Strawberries, BCERy, Douglas Road, Burnaby BC
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription66211
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1894
- Collection/Fonds
- Peers Family and Hill Family fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 13 x 18 cm on cardboard 22 x 27.5 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a group of farmers loading their crates onto a railway car. Identified (left to right), Bernard R. Hill, Louis Claude Hill, Charles Frederick Sprott, George E. Clayton, and Louis "Edgar" Sprott, who are loading up their strawberries on a street car. The farmers are lined up in a row,…
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1894
- Collection/Fonds
- Peers Family and Hill Family fonds
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 13 x 18 cm on cardboard 22 x 27.5 cm
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 477-938
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2007-12
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a group of farmers loading their crates onto a railway car. Identified (left to right), Bernard R. Hill, Louis Claude Hill, Charles Frederick Sprott, George E. Clayton, and Louis "Edgar" Sprott, who are loading up their strawberries on a street car. The farmers are lined up in a row, each sitting in their own horse and cart as they bring their strawberries to the station.
- Subjects
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries
- Transportation - Electric Railroads
- Transportation - Horses
- Transportation - Carts
- Occupations - Farmers
- Transportation - Wagons
- Officials - Mayors and Reeves
- Names
- British Columbia Electric Railway Company
- Hill, Louis Claude "Claude"
- Hill, Bernard R.
- Every-Clayton, George
- Sprott, Louis "Edgar"
- Sprott, Charles Frederick
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Caption on recto of photograph reads: "Loading Strawberries, B.C.E.Ry., Douglas Rd., Burnaby, B.C."
- Geographic Access
- Douglas Road
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
Images
![Martin family, [between 1933 and 1940] (date of original), copied 2011 thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/513/525-014.jpg?width=280)
Martin family
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription66708
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [between 1933 and 1940] (date of original), copied 2011
- Collection/Fonds
- William Martin family fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (jpeg)
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of members of the Martin family picking raspberries on their property. From left are Barbara (in a sun hat), Nita and their mother, Ellen Martin.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [between 1933 and 1940] (date of original), copied 2011
- Collection/Fonds
- William Martin family fonds
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (jpeg)
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 525-014
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2011-11
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of members of the Martin family picking raspberries on their property. From left are Barbara (in a sun hat), Nita and their mother, Ellen Martin.
- Subjects
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Photographer
- Martin, William
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Geographic Access
- Spruce Street
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Douglas-Gilpin Area
Images
![Martin family, [between 1933 and 1940] (date of original), copied 2011 thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/513/525-014.jpg)
![Model TW1625 Sta-fresh applicator, [29 Feb 1972] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Images/2019/2019_0006_0010_001.jpg?width=280)
Model TW1625 Sta-fresh applicator
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription14796
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Date
- [29 Feb 1972]
- Collection/Fonds
- Julie Lee and Cecil Lee family fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 20.5 x 25 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a "Model TW1625 STA-Fresh Applicator". This machine was a low volume wax applicator specifically formulated for fruits such as citrus.
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Collection/Fonds
- Julie Lee and Cecil Lee family fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 20.5 x 25 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a "Model TW1625 STA-Fresh Applicator". This machine was a low volume wax applicator specifically formulated for fruits such as citrus.
- Accession Code
- BV019.6.10
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- May be restricted by third party rights
- Date
- [29 Feb 1972]
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Scan Resolution
- 600
- Scan Date
- 29-Sept-2020
- Scale
- 100
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Note in black ink on verso of photograph reads: "Applicator - Low Vol. Wax"
- Stamp on verso of photograph reads: "Feb 29 1972"
- Note in black ink on verso of photograph reads:
- Sticker in upper right corner of photograph reads: "MODEL TW1625 STA-FRESH APPLICATOR / 24" Width Tranverse Type with WP 1812 Pump Pack"
- Item is part of a scrapbook album created by Cecil Lee
Images
![Model TW1625 Sta-fresh applicator, [29 Feb 1972] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Images/2019/2019_0006_0010_001.jpg)
![Mr. Irwin with Eleanor, Louise and Dorothy on ladder, [1930] (date of original), copied 2004 thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Images/2019/2019_0032_0076_001.jpg?width=280)
Mr. Irwin with Eleanor, Louise and Dorothy on ladder
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15257
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Date
- [1930] (date of original), copied 2004
- Collection/Fonds
- In the Shadow by the Sea collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : 300 dpi
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of Mr. Henry Irwin standing at the bottom of a ladder holding his daughter Eleanor and Louise Irwin and his neice Dorothy Irwin. Young Louise Irwin is standing near the top of the ladder, Dorothy Irwin is in the middle and Eleanor Irwin (Nelson) is near the bottom. The girls are picking …
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Collection/Fonds
- In the Shadow by the Sea collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : 300 dpi
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of Mr. Henry Irwin standing at the bottom of a ladder holding his daughter Eleanor and Louise Irwin and his neice Dorothy Irwin. Young Louise Irwin is standing near the top of the ladder, Dorothy Irwin is in the middle and Eleanor Irwin (Nelson) is near the bottom. The girls are picking cherries. The ladder is leaning against a cherry tree in the yard of the Irwin family home at Barnet mill.
- Geographic Access
- Burrard Inlet
- Accession Code
- BV019.32.76
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Date
- [1930] (date of original), copied 2004
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Barnet (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Burnaby Mountain Area
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- see page 47 of book "In the Shadow by the Sea: Recollections of Burnaby's Barnet Village" with caption "Picking cherries at Barnet. Top to Bottom: Louise Irwin, Cousin Dorothy Irwin, Eleanor Irwin and Mr. Irwin, 1929"
- Date of photograph based on birth date for Louise Irwin (July 1927)
Images
![Mr. Irwin with Eleanor, Louise and Dorothy on ladder, [1930] (date of original), copied 2004 thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Images/2019/2019_0032_0076_001.jpg)
Murdock and Lillian McMurray interview November 17, 1975 - Track 2
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/oralhistory244
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date Range
- 1906-1975
- Length
- 0:09:00
- Summary
- This portion of the recording pertains to Murdock McMurray's memories of riding the tram as a young man and briefly, of working for Ed Brown. Murdock mentions Reeve Byrne and the development of first water system in Burnaby. He also discusses Gilley Brother's Logging Company practices near his fath…
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Summary
- This portion of the recording pertains to Murdock McMurray's memories of riding the tram as a young man and briefly, of working for Ed Brown. Murdock mentions Reeve Byrne and the development of first water system in Burnaby. He also discusses Gilley Brother's Logging Company practices near his father's ranch of six acres, which grew mostly strawberries to sell in Vancouver.
- Date Range
- 1906-1975
- Photo Info
- Emerson Doran (left) and Murdoch McMurray, 1917. Item no. 229-004
- Length
- 0:09:00
- Subjects
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries
- Geographic Access
- Imperial Street
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Kingsway-Beresford Area
- Interviewer
- McGeachie, Doreen “Pixie”
- Interview Date
- November 17, 1975
- Scope and Content
- Recording is of an interview with Murdock McMurray and his wife Lillian (Wray) McMurray conducted by Pixie McGeachie on November 17, 1975. Major themes discussed are: Burnaby's development, the Wray Shoe store and Murdock McMurray's cordwood delivery business.
- Biographical Notes
- Murdock McMurray was born in Vancouver in 1892 to Wilhelmina May and Robert William McMurray. Other children in the family included older siblings John “Jack” and Margaret Lillian, younger siblings Minnie May born May 4, 1895 and Hampton born June 8, 1902. Murdock’s father Robert worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) but retired shortly after moving his family to Burnaby in 1906. He bought six acres of land of what had been previously the Gilley Ranch, the base of operations for Gilley Bros. Ltd. at 2519 Windsor Street (later renumbered and renamed to the 6400 block Imperial Street). Murdock McMurray quit school early to apprentice as a printer. By sixteen he had left the trade and gone into partnership with his older brother Jack. With a team of horses, harness and a wagon, the brothers helped to macadamize roads, haul building supplies for new homes, deliver cord wood for heating, clear land and excavate basements. When Jack McMurray set off to serve overseas during World War I as a driver in the engineer corps, Murdock bought his team of horses and continued working, mainly in the Deer Lake district. In 1916 Murdoch McMurray partnered with Emerson Doran, nephew of the owner of Doran's Mill to buy Edmonds Coal and Wood fuel yard. As everything was geared towards the war effort, Murdock and Emerson soon ran out of work and had to sell the business. Murdock sold off his horses and equipment and went to work at the ship yard on Pitt River. By 1919 Jack McMurray had returned home from overseas and was working as a fireman at the Shull Lumber and Shingle Mill on the Fraser River. In 1921, he and Murdock teamed up with Emerson Doran and repurchased the Edmonds Coal and Wood fuel yard which they ran together until 1947. Murdock McMurray married Lillian Wray on September 17, 1925. Lillian was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Wray, who came to settle in the Jubilee area of Burnaby in 1919. The family lived on Dow Road and Edward Wray operated Jubilee Shoe Store and Post Office. He was known throughout the district as "Wray - The Shoe Man." Mrs. Wray died in 1957 at the age of eight-six and Edward Wray died January 14, 1967 at age of ninety-three. Murdock and Lillian lived at Inverness Street (now Arcola) and raised three children together, Bob, Jack and Bessie. Murdock McMurray died in New Westminster on April 28, 1985 at the age of ninety-two. Lillian Ethel (Wray) McMurray died in Burnaby on February 28, 1986 at the age of eighty-seven.
- Total Tracks
- 7
- Total Length
- 0:58:55
- Interviewee Name
- McMurray, Lillian Wray
- McMurray, Murdoch
- Interviewer Bio
- Doreen "Pixie" (Johnson) McGeachie was a resident of Burnaby for over sixty years. Pixie married John Aloysius "Jack" McGeachie and raised their children Kathi (Dunlop) and David McGeachie in the house the couple built themselves in 1947. Pixie served as the editor for the Burnaby Examiner newspaper and wrote a column entitled "Burnaby History" for The News. In 1974 she authored her first book titled "Bygones of Burnaby" which was one of the first to develop anecdotal stories about pioneer life in Burnaby. She authored "Burnaby - A Proud Century" in 1992 and in 2002 she wrote a biography of the city's namesake in the book "Land of Promise: Robert Burnaby's letters from Colonial B.C." She also contributed many hours of volunteering; helping to establish Burnaby's first museum Heritage Village in 1971, serving as President of the Burnaby Historical Society from 1991-1993. She served a six year term on Burnaby's Heritage Commission leading the charge to preserve many historic sites throughout the city, and during her twenty years as the Community Archives volunteer archivist for the historical society, she succeeded in gathering thousands of rare and valuable historic photographs and documents which now forms the core of the photograph collection on the Heritage Burnaby website (as these items were donated by the Society to the City Archives in 2007). The City of Burnaby awarded Pixie McGeachie the Kushiro Cup as Citizen of the year in 2002. In 2006 she received a Heritage BC project award for leading the Friends of Interurban 1223 project, and in 2008 Heritage BC recognised her again by presenting her with the Ruby Nobb Award. John Aloysius "Jack" McGeachie died October 12, 1981 at the age of sixty-seven. Doreen "Pixie" (Johnson) McGeachie died August 14, 2010 at the age of eighty-nine. On 24 September, 2011, the City of Burnaby dedicated the reading at the City Archives in honour of Pixie and formally named it the Pixie McGeachie Reading Room in recognition of her years of service to the community.
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Historical Society fonds
- Subseries
- Oral history subseries
- Media Type
- Sound Recording
- Web Notes
- Interview was digitized in 2010 allowing it to be accessible on Heritage Burnaby. The digitization project was initiated by the Community Heritage Commission with support from City of Burnaby Council and the BC History Digitization Program of the Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, University of British Columbia. It was recognized by the Heritage Society of BC with an award in 2012.
Images
Audio Tracks
Track two of recording of interview with Lillian and Murdock McMurray
Track two of recording of interview with Lillian and Murdock McMurray
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Oral_Histories/_Unrestricted/MSS137-010/MSS137-010_Track_2.mp3
Produce section of a local grocery store
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription78883
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- February 28, 1996
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 15 x 22 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of an unidentified man and woman holding apples in the produce section of a local grocery store. Two unidentified childen accompany the woman.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- February 28, 1996
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 15 x 22 cm
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 535-0186
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No reproduction permitted
- Accession Number
- 2012-11
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of an unidentified man and woman holding apples in the produce section of a local grocery store. Two unidentified childen accompany the woman.
- Subjects
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Photographer
- Langdeau, Brian
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Note in black ink on recto of photograph reads: "MR Brian 522A / MR pg. 9 44%"
- Trim marks and/or reproduction instructions on recto (scan is cropped)
Images
Royal Anne cherry tree
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35559
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1920 (date of original), copied 1986
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Historical Society fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 12.7 x 17.8 cm print
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a Royal Anne cherry tree in the backyard of the Cram orchard at 6515 Denbigh Avenue, on the northwest corner of Kingsway and Denbigh. The garage can be seen on the left. William Cram (father) would pick the cherries, and Mary Cram and Viola Cram (sisters) would load them in a wagon …
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1920 (date of original), copied 1986
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Historical Society fonds
- Subseries
- Pioneer Tales subseries
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 12.7 x 17.8 cm print
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 204-417
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Accession Number
- BHS1988-03
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a Royal Anne cherry tree in the backyard of the Cram orchard at 6515 Denbigh Avenue, on the northwest corner of Kingsway and Denbigh. The garage can be seen on the left. William Cram (father) would pick the cherries, and Mary Cram and Viola Cram (sisters) would load them in a wagon and sell them, a chore which they did not like.
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Geographic Access
- Denbigh Avenue
- Street Address
- 6515 Denbigh Avenue
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Central Park (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Windsor Area
Images
![Strawberry crates, [1910] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/477/477-073.jpg?width=280)
Strawberry crates
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription38754
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1910]
- Collection/Fonds
- Peers Family and Hill Family fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 6 x 10 cm on page 11.5 x 14 cm (pasted in album)
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of two berry crates, one stamped "L. Claude Hill Burnaby Lake Fruit Growers Association" and the other stamped "S. Claude Hill Burnaby Lake Fruit Growers Association."
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1910]
- Collection/Fonds
- Peers Family and Hill Family fonds
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 6 x 10 cm on page 11.5 x 14 cm (pasted in album)
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 477-073
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2007-12
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of two berry crates, one stamped "L. Claude Hill Burnaby Lake Fruit Growers Association" and the other stamped "S. Claude Hill Burnaby Lake Fruit Growers Association."
- Subjects
- Agriculture - Fruit and Berries
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
Images
![Strawberry crates, [1910] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/477/477-073.jpg)
![William Whiting hauling strawberries, [1896] thumbnail](/media/Hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/001/037-002.jpg?width=280)
William Whiting hauling strawberries
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription34525
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1896]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Historical Society fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : sepia ; 9.9 x 13.8 cm mounted on 17.8 x 22.7 cm cardboard
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of William Whiting seated in a horse-drawn wagon hauling strawberries from Burnaby to New Westminster.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1896]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Historical Society fonds
- Subseries
- Photographs subseries
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : sepia ; 9.9 x 13.8 cm mounted on 17.8 x 22.7 cm cardboard
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 037-002
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Accession Number
- BHS2007-04
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of William Whiting seated in a horse-drawn wagon hauling strawberries from Burnaby to New Westminster.
- Names
- Whiting, William
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Annotation on back of photograph reads, "Mr. W. Whiting taking load of stawberries into New West about 62 years ago (1958)."
Images
![William Whiting hauling strawberries, [1896] thumbnail](/media/Hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/001/037-002.jpg)
Interview with Denise Fong by Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription14276
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Date
- 2020
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 sound recording (mp3) (00:60:38 min.)
- Scope and Content
- Item consists of an audio recording of a Zoom interview with Denise Fong conducted by Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong, in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems at UBC. The interview was conducted with Denise Fong as part of the students' research for their podcast "Where is your food from?". This podcast…
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum fonds
- Series
- UBC Partnership series
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 sound recording (mp3) (00:60:38 min.)
- Material Details
- Interviewers: Rose Wu; Wei Yan Yeong Interviewee: Denise Fong Interview Date: September 2020 Total Number of tracks: 1 Total Length of all tracks: 00:60:38 Recording device: Zoom video communication platform Photograph info: Store front of Way Sang Yuen Wat Kee & Co in Victoria, B.C., 1975. BV017.7.191
- Scope and Content
- Item consists of an audio recording of a Zoom interview with Denise Fong conducted by Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong, in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems at UBC. The interview was conducted with Denise Fong as part of the students' research for their podcast "Where is your food from?". This podcast was part two in a series of three "Back to the Roots" podcasts about the history of Chinese-Canadian farming in Burnaby and the lower mainland. In this series the students connected their knowledge of food systems to their shared Chinese heritage in order to discover how Chinese Canadian history is rooted in their local food systems. "Where is your food from?" explores contemporary versus historical alternative food movements and how early Chinese farmers in the lower mainland had to be creative in their business tactics in order to survive in a local food system that discriminated against their race. 00:00 - 4:51 Denise Fong introduces herself and provides a summary of the work that she has done while working as a researcher on the Chinese Canadian History Research project for the Burnaby Village Museum. Denise explains how much of her research has focused on the history of Chinese Canadian market gardeners and green grocers and their presence in Burnaby. Denise tells of how many Chinese immigrants found it hard to find work due to racial discrimination which led many Chinese men to work in agriculture and farming. Her research has shown that many of the Chinese farms were located in the Big Bend area of Burnaby. 04:52 – 08:24 In this segment, Denise elaborates on the “truck” or “market” farming industry for Chinese farmers in Burnaby. Denise explains how “truck” farming was a mode for distributing produce from Chinese farms and some of the challenges the Chinese farmers faced. 08:25 – 14:10 In this segment Denise talks about peddling as another mode to distribute farm produce and how this was often dominated by Chinese Canadians since they were restricted from accessing other jobs. Denise explains how the Chinese peddlers would have their own routes with customers who depended on them to bring the produce to them. Denise provides an example of racial discrimination whereby a Burnaby Bylaw prevented people of Chinese descent from working for the city. 14:11 – 22: 39 In this segment, Denise describes how in the 1950s and 1960s, produce distribution networks for Chinese Canadian farmers in Burnaby expanded to larger stores and wholesalers including Woodward’s, Safeway in Burnaby, MacDonald’s Consolidated and Kelly Douglas. Denise provides specific examples of Burnaby families and tells the story of Chinese Canadian Cecil Lee, a produce buyer for Kelly Douglas. In the mid 1970s Lee, was asked to oversee the import of Chinese mandarin oranges into Canada and was responsible for the design of a new cardboard box to replace the wooden crates that held the mandarin oranges. 22:40 – 33:28 In this segment, Denise provides information on Chinese farming methods and practices that she gathered through her research. Information gathered from interviews, research papers and an article in Harrowsmith magazine suggest that many of the Big Bend farms in Burnaby relied on crop rotation, companion planting and intercropping along with traditional organic fertilizers that were available. Denise also tells of how Chinese farmers often relied on traditional methods that they brought from Southern China including the creation of raised beds to avoid damage due to flooding. Wei Yan comments that many of these traditional methods are being reintroduced as a new sustainable way of farming. Research done by Wei Yan found that when chemical fertilizers were introduced informational brochures included Chinese translations. 33:29 – 38:30 In this segment Rose and Wei Yan speak to Denise about the cultural demographic of farmers in the Big Bend area of Burnaby and what types of crops were grown. Denise comments that to her knowledge there were mostly Chinese farmers in this area but there were some European farmers as well. Produce that was grown on the farms was mostly market driven by the local consumers and it wasn’t until the 1970s that there was a bigger demand to grow Chinese vegetables to supply the growing Chinese population. Denise shares personal experience of what she learned after a visit to a local farm and the different methods that the farmer used for growing crops. The three discuss the importance of innovation and adaptability in growing techniques that Chinese farmers have used. 38:31 – 46:23 In this segment, Rose and Wei Yan speak to Denise about the discrimination barriers that Chinese farmers had to face. Denise speaks about discriminatory bylaws and regulations that targeted Chinese farmers including the Peddling tax. She tells of how this tax, persecution to peddlers and restrictions resulted in the emergence of a new industry of Chinese green grocers. Denise names Chinese trade organizations that were formed in response to the social and economic segregation and marginalization that Chinese farmers and retailers faced. Denise references research done by Natalie Gibb and Hannah Wittman from their article “Parallel Alternatives: Chinese-Canadian farmers and the Metro Vancouver local food movement” as well as research by Harry Con and Edgar Wickberg. Denise also provides information that she has gathered from Chinese farmers in Burnaby including the Yip family who were able to purchase land after World War II through the Veterans Land Act and how prior to World War II it was very difficult for Chinese immigrants to purchase land. 46:24 – 1:00:38 In this segment the group discusses how Chinese farmers have adapted in the market garden farm distribution system and the introduction of retail spaces on their farms as part of the new local food movement. Denise, Rose and Wei Yan reflect on how their interview with Denise Fong and research resources will support their podcast series and exhibits at Burnaby Village Museum.
- History
- Interviewer biographies: Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong are University of British Columbia students in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems and student interns at Burnaby Village Museum. Interviewee biography: Denise Fong is a historical researcher at Burnaby Village Museum. She has degrees in Anthropology (BA) and Archaeology (MA), and is completing her doctoral degree at UBC in Interdisciplinary Studies. Her primary research interests are in Chinese Canadian history and critical heritage studies. She is the co-curator of the Burnaby Village Museum “Across the Pacific” exhibition, and the Museum of Vancouver’s “A Seat at the Table – Chinese Immigration and British Columbia”.
- Creator
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Subjects
- Persons - Chinese Canadians
- Social Issues - Discrimination
- Social Issues - Racism
- Agriculture
- Agriculture - Crops
- Agriculture - Farms
- Gardens - Market Gardens
- Foods
- Names
- Fong, Denise
- Responsibility
- Wu, Rose
- Yeong, Wei Yan
- Accession Code
- BV020.28.2
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Date
- 2020
- Media Type
- Sound Recording
- Related Material
- BV020.28.4
- Notes
- Title based on contents of recording
- Item was originally recorded as an mp4 video and converted to an mp3 sound recording for public access on Heritage Burnaby. To access the video recording, contact Burnaby Village Museum.
- For recording of podcast "Where is your food from?" see BV020.28.4
Images
Audio Tracks
Interview with Denise Fong by Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong, 2020
Interview with Denise Fong by Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong, 2020
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Sound_Recordings/Sound_Recordings/2020_0028_0002_002.mp3
date plaque
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumartifact90987
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Accession Code
- BV021.11.1
- Description
- Bronze date plaque stamped "F.V.M.P.A./ BURNABY PLANT SOD TURNING / JULY 26, 1962" with 4 corner holes. The object has scratches throughout. The plaque is taped to a cardboard tag with the text "B5102 / $0.80"
- Object History
- The plate is to commemorate the Fraser Valley Milk Producers Assocation Burnaby Plant sod turning ceremony on July 26, 1962, when construction started on the new facility at Sperling and Lougheed. The plant opened in 1964, and housed the FVMPA head offices, fluid milk plant, and ice cream manufacturing division.
- Category
- 08. Communication Artifacts
- Classification
- Documentary Artifacts - - Other Documents
- Object Term
- Plate, Identification
- Measurements
- 6.3cm wide x 3.1cm high
- Subjects
- Foods
- Agriculture
- Agriculture - Dairy
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Lozells (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Government Road Area
Images
tape measure
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumartifact90960
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Accession Code
- BV021.10.1
- Description
- Promitional tape measurer with a silver top plates and a gold body engraved on both sides. One side dark blue with ariel drawing of building and "Dairyland/ BURNABY PLANT/ 1964" engraved. Reverse is oval image of 4 cows in a field with mountains, sky, and a barn painted on a gold body with "FRASER VALLEY/ MILK PRODUCERS/ ASSOCIATION" in red. Top has a retractable silver steel tape with measurements in inches on one side. "Japan" engraved on base.
- Object History
- This object belonged to a sales representative for Dairyland, who lived in Chilliwack. He retired in 1978 after 40 years with the company. The Burnaby Dairyland plant was constructed in 1964 on Lougheed Highway near Sperling Avenue.
- Reference
- http://www.bcdairyhistory.ca/milk-break/magazine/1964-fraser-valley-milk-break.pdf
- Classification
- Weights and Measurements Tools and Equipment - Scales
- Object Term
- Retractable Rule, Tape Measure
- Marks/Labels
- "Dairyland Burnaby Plant 1964", "Fraser Valley Milk Producers Association" "Japan"
- Measurements
- 4cm high x 5cm wide
- Subjects
- Foods
- Agriculture
- Agriculture - Dairy
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Lozells (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Government Road Area
Images
![Vegetable delivery, [1999] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-3243.jpg?width=280)
Vegetable delivery
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription98165
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1999]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : col.
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of an unidentified person standing in front of a home with a Rubbermaid container filled with vegetables and other produce for a delivery.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [1999]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : col.
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 535-3243
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2018-12
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of an unidentified person standing in front of a home with a Rubbermaid container filled with vegetables and other produce for a delivery.
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on original file name
- Collected by editorial for use in a June 1999 issue of the Burnaby NewsLeader
Images
![Vegetable delivery, [1999] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-3243.jpg)
A Pig's Tale
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription14365
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Date
- Oct. 2020
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum fonds
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 3 video recordings (mp4) (5 min., 28 sec.) : digital, col., sd., stereo, subtitles
- Scope and Content
- Item consists of part two in a two part video series "A Taste of History" created by Debbie Liang and Joty Gill, University of British Columbia alumni and graduates from the Asian Canadian & Asian Migration Studies program (ACAM). Part two is titled "A Pig's Tale". The film highlights the history o…
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum fonds
- Series
- UBC Partnership series
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 3 video recordings (mp4) (5 min., 28 sec.) : digital, col., sd., stereo, subtitles
- Material Details
- Script: Debbie Liang; Joty Gill Narration: Joty Gill Editor: Debbie Liang Subtitles: English; Simplified Chinese; Traditional Chinese Video Appearances: Kathy Lee; Eleanor Lee Illustrations and Animations: Debbie Liang Photos, Images & B-roll: Piggery photo, image courtesy of Elwin Xie; Douglas Road: City of Burnaby Archives, 477-841; Canada Way, City of Burnaby Archives, 556-522, photo by Peg Campbell; Red pig by Debbie Liang; Piglets sleeping, image courtesy of RoyBuri from pixabay, free to use; Chinese Zodiac, image courtesy of RoofOfAllLight from wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license; Pictograph for Home by Debbie Liang; Pigs lying down, image courtesy of Elwin Xie; Council minutes all from heritageburnaby.com; Cleanliness illustration set by Debbie Liang; "The Heathen Chinese in British Columbia" from Library and Archives Canada; Laundryman spitting from Daily News, Prince Rupert in 1911; Slicer on counter at Way Sang Yuen Wat Kee & Co., Burnaby Village Museum BV017.7.290; Way Sang Yuen Wat Kee & Co. Store front, Burnaby Village Museum BV017.7.191; Medical Practices Disagreement illustration by Debbie Liang; Butchering pig, image courtesy of Elwin Xie; Chinatown brolls, courtesy of Food2 group from UBC's 2019 ACAM 390 Class; Black Rotary telephone beside ball pen on white printed paper, image courtesy of Pixabay from pexels.com, free to use; Burnaby Lake on a cloudy day, image courtesy of Flying Pegunin from wikipedia; The Vancouver Sun May 4, 1921 from newspapers.com; Vancouver Daily May 3, 1921 from newspapers.com; Reduce number of pigs illustration by Debbie Liang; Black and white photo of piggery, image courtesy of Elwin Xie; 2019 Piggery illustration by Debbie Liang Music and Sound Effects: "Acoustic Mediation 2" from audionautix; Pig Grunting sounds from Kiddopedia Animasl, Creative Commons 0; "Piano moment" & "November" from bensound.com; "Ding sound effect" from freesoundlibrary; Wuxia2_Guzheng_Pipa by PeriTune http://peritune.com; Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com; Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Video adapted from 2019 BVM intern project by Debbie Liang and Marcela Gomez Special thanks to: UBC: Joanna Yang, Jenny Lu, Denise Fong, Henry Yu; BVM: Kate Petrusa, Amy Wilson Changes to music may have been made for the purposes of this video
- Scope and Content
- Item consists of part two in a two part video series "A Taste of History" created by Debbie Liang and Joty Gill, University of British Columbia alumni and graduates from the Asian Canadian & Asian Migration Studies program (ACAM). Part two is titled "A Pig's Tale". The film highlights the history of Chinese pig farms also known as "Piggeries" in Burnaby. The film tells the story of how many of these farms were established by Chinese immigrants along Douglas Road (now Canada Way) between the 1890s and 1920s; the importance of the pig in the Chinese Culture as well as a way for Chinese immigrants to make a living and the racism and discriminatory bylaws that the Chinese pig farmers suffered that finally led to the closure of many of these farms. Content references three documented piggery ranches along Douglas Road: Ah Sam; Young Chung and Hop Hin Yen. The films are supported with voice over in english, subtitles, animation along with historical photographs. One version of the film is supported with subtitles in English while two other versions of the film are supported with subtitles in Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese.
- History
- In 2020, due to the restrictions of COVID-19, University of British Columbia student interns with the Burnaby Village Museum Chinese Canadian History in Burnaby project were asked to create virtual experiences to reimagine Burnaby Village Museum's historical Chinese Canadian programming in remote online spaces. Debbie Liang and Joty Gill (UBC alumni and graduates of Dr. Henry Yu's 2019 summer ACAM 390A Global Seminar to Aisa) returned to work with Burnaby Village Museum to create two short films showcasing the history of Chinese Canadian Chop Suey restaurants and piggeries in Burnaby.
- Creator
- Liang, Debbie
- Debbie Liang
- Subjects
- Persons - Chinese Canadians
- Social Issues - Discrimination
- Social Issues - Racism
- Regulations
- Agriculture
- Agriculture - Farms
- Agriculture - Ranches
- Animals - Pigs
- Names
- Liang, Debbie
- Gill, Joty
- Burnaby Village Museum
- University of British Columbia
- Xie, Elwin
- Way Sang Yuen Wat Kee & Company
- Ah Sam
- Young Chung
- Hop Hin Yen
- Responsibility
- University of British Columbia
- UBC Initiative for Student Teaching and Research in Chinese Canadian Studies
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Geographic Access
- Douglas Road
- Canada Way
- Accession Code
- BV020.28.7
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No known restrictions
- Date
- Oct. 2020
- Media Type
- Moving Images
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Douglas-Gilpin Area
- Notes
- Transcribed title
Images
Video
A Pig's Tale, Oct. 2020
A Pig's Tale, Oct. 2020
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/media/hpo/_Data/_BVM_Moving_Images/2020_0028_0007_001.mp4
A man and woman in a deli/bakery
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription59192
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- ca. 1982
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 13 x 19 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a couple inside of a deli and bakery on Hastings Street. The man is holding a large decorated cake.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- ca. 1982
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 13 x 19 cm
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 480-1510
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only
- Accession Number
- 2009-01
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a couple inside of a deli and bakery on Hastings Street. The man is holding a large decorated cake.
- Subjects
- Buildings - Commercial - Bakeries
- Foods
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Note on verso reads: "As is / Burnaby Today / (Hastings St Shoppers Page) / 100%"
- Geographic Access
- Hastings Street
Images
A man carrying a "Happy 90th Birthday Burnaby" cake
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription59061
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1982
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 20 x 11.5 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a person in a suit with a large cake that reads "Happy 90th Birthday Burnaby."
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- 1982
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 20 x 11.5 cm
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 480-1467
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2009-01
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of a person in a suit with a large cake that reads "Happy 90th Birthday Burnaby."
- Subjects
- Celebrations
- Foods
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Photographer
- Battistoni, Peter
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Photographer's stamp on verso
- Note on verso reads: "Don Copan / PMT / 82% / page 1 / Burnaby / Today"
Images
![Burnaby Mountain Secondary School cafeteria, [2000] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-2909-1.jpg?width=280)
Burnaby Mountain Secondary School cafeteria
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription97570
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [2000]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Description Level
- File
- Physical Description
- 6 photographs (tiff) : col.
- Scope and Content
- File contains photographs of lunchtime in the cafeteria at Burnaby Mountain Secondary School. Photographs depict students lining up and enjoying food in the cafeteria, and the food options in the cafeteria, including Panago, Subway, and KFC.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [2000]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Physical Description
- 6 photographs (tiff) : col.
- Description Level
- File
- Record No.
- 535-2909
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2018-12
- Scope and Content
- File contains photographs of lunchtime in the cafeteria at Burnaby Mountain Secondary School. Photographs depict students lining up and enjoying food in the cafeteria, and the food options in the cafeteria, including Panago, Subway, and KFC.
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Notes
- Title based on caption
- Collected by editorial for use in a November 2000 issue of the Burnaby NewsLeader
- Caption from metadata for 535-2909-1: "A selection of chips greets students lining up at the cash register."
- Caption from metadata for 535-2909-2: "Students have a wide variety of favorite foods to choose, from Panagopolis pizza to Kentucky Fried Chicken."
- Caption from metadata for 535-2909-3: "Sarah McLeod, a grade 8 student, says the cafeteria lunches at Burnaby Mountain Secondary are "better than the sandwiches my mom would make.""
- Caption from metadata for 535-2909-4: "Stephanie Yelton, Grade 9, gets a Pepsi. The cafeteria also has a Coke dispenser."
- Caption from metadata for 535-2909-5: "Tony Breemo, a Grade 11 student, says he gets a Subway sandwich every day."
- Geographic Access
- Eastlake Drive
- Street Address
- 8800 Eastlake Drive
- Historic Neighbourhood
- Burquitlam (Historic Neighbourhood)
- Planning Study Area
- Lyndhurst Area
Images
![Burnaby Mountain Secondary School cafeteria, [2000] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-2909-1.jpg)
Canada Day Celebration at Burnaby Village Museum
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription3340
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Date
- July 1, 2003
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum Photograph collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : col. composite ; 26 x 18 cm laser print
- Scope and Content
- Photograph is a composite of two images taken at the Canada Celebrations at the Burnaby Village Museum. Air cadets are marching with flag staffs as crowds stand by on either side in the first image and three women serve pieces of a large Canada Day cake in the second image.
- Repository
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby Village Museum Photograph collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : col. composite ; 26 x 18 cm laser print
- Scope and Content
- Photograph is a composite of two images taken at the Canada Celebrations at the Burnaby Village Museum. Air cadets are marching with flag staffs as crowds stand by on either side in the first image and three women serve pieces of a large Canada Day cake in the second image.
- Subjects
- Celebrations
- Symbols - Flags
- Events - Parades
- Foods
- Names
- Burnaby Village Museum
- Accession Code
- BV004.35.2
- Access Restriction
- Restricted access
- Reproduction Restriction
- May be restricted by third party rights
- Date
- July 1, 2003
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Scan Resolution
- 600
- Scan Date
- 09-Jun-09
- Scale
- 100
- Photographer
- Low, Richard
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Note in black ink on verso of photograph reads: "2003 Canada Day Celebration"
Images
Children playing with food - David and Michele
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription59044
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- ca.1983
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 19.5 x 11.5 cm
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of two children preparing food. The photograph is from Burnaby Today.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- ca.1983
- Collection/Fonds
- Columbian Newspaper collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph : b&w ; 19.5 x 11.5 cm
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 480-1450
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only
- Accession Number
- 2009-01
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of two children preparing food. The photograph is from Burnaby Today.
- Subjects
- Persons - Children
- Foods
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Photographer
- King, Basil
- Notes
- Title based on contents of photograph
- Photographer's stamp on verso
- Note on verso reads: "2 / PMT 78% / page 1 / Burnaby"
Images
![Chris Galbaransingh, [2000] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-3078.jpg?width=280)
Chris Galbaransingh
https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription97952
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [2000]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Description Level
- Item
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : col.
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of Chris Galbaransingh posing with Newfoundland specialty foods, including bags of salted cod, inside of his grocery store.
- Repository
- City of Burnaby Archives
- Date
- [2000]
- Collection/Fonds
- Burnaby NewsLeader photograph collection
- Physical Description
- 1 photograph (tiff) : col.
- Description Level
- Item
- Record No.
- 535-3078
- Access Restriction
- No restrictions
- Reproduction Restriction
- No restrictions
- Accession Number
- 2018-12
- Scope and Content
- Photograph of Chris Galbaransingh posing with Newfoundland specialty foods, including bags of salted cod, inside of his grocery store.
- Media Type
- Photograph
- Photographer
- Bartel, Mario
- Notes
- Title based on caption
- Collected by editorial for use in a January 2000 issue of the Burnaby NewsLeader
- Caption from metadata: "Chris Galbaransingh has never been to Newfoundland, but Newfoundland is all around him at his grocery store, as he sells Newfoundland specialty foods like bone-in-bee, salted cod fish, and boned cod bits."
Images
![Chris Galbaransingh, [2000] thumbnail](/media/hpo/_Data/_Archives_Images/_Unrestricted/535/535-3078.jpg)