262 records – page 2 of 11.

Lochdale Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark668
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
In the 1931 "Burnaby Year Book" the Lochdale neighbourhood is described as follows: "Lochdale…is situated at the intersection of the Hastings-Barnet road at the point where Sperling Avenue crosses…Situated at the intersection…there are an up to date service station and a general store, at which the Lochdale Post Office is situated. Immediately north of this is the seventy acres on which the Shell Oil Co. are to build an up-to-date refinery...On going south on Sperling Avenue can be found some lovely homes of the residents, all of which possess the most beautiful flower gardens, some of which are hobbies, and some being in the nature of a business. Others are engaged in chicken farming...while others find employment at the Barnet Mill about two miles east on the Hastings-Barnet Road."
Historic Neighbourhood
Lochdale (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Lochdale Area
Images
Less detail

Lozells Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark701
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
Like a lot of residential neighbourhoods in Burnaby during the post-War boom, the Lozells area during the 1925-1954 period was one of new construction and subdivisions. Although more homes were being built, the neighbourhood still retained a somewhat rural characteristic well into the 1950s.
Historic Neighbourhood
Lozells (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Government Road Area
Images
Less detail

McColl-Frontenac Oil Company

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark682
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1945
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1945
Heritage Value
In 1945, the McColl-Frontenac Oil Company purchased the western section of what used to be the Barnet Mill site from the City of Burnaby. McColl-Frontenac handled the distribution of Texaco gas and built a new plant at the site for this purpose. The company built an improved road access to the plant which later became known as Texaco Drive. Competition from other refineries eventually forced the closure of this plant and in 1985 the area was acquired by the Municipality for the expansion of Barnet Marine Park.
Historic Neighbourhood
Barnet (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Burnaby Mountain Area
Images
Less detail

Montague & Marcia Moore Residence

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark499
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Description
The Montague and Marcia Moore Residence, situated on Sperling Avenue, is a one and one-half storey wood-frame house with Tudor Revival elements such as half-timbering and diamond-leaded windows. The landscaping includes a large hedge at the front of the property. It is located on a lakefront site w…
Associated Dates
1943
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Geographic Access
Sperling Avenue
Associated Dates
1943
Description
The Montague and Marcia Moore Residence, situated on Sperling Avenue, is a one and one-half storey wood-frame house with Tudor Revival elements such as half-timbering and diamond-leaded windows. The landscaping includes a large hedge at the front of the property. It is located on a lakefront site within the scenic Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct.
Heritage Value
Located within the historic Deer Lake Park neighbourhood, the Montague and Marcia Moore Residence is valued as an example of the late persistence of the historicist influence on domestic architecture, at a time when it was still considered the height of good taste for a house to be designed in a recognizable period revival style. This is reflected in the rustic Tudor Revival elements such as half-timbering, waney-edged boards in the gables, brick nogging, diamond-leaded windows, and bird houses in the main gable. The cobblestone chimney, the major focal point of the house, was constructed from river stones that were transported from Lynn Canyon. Meticulously retained in its original condition, this was the last home to be constructed by the Moore family before the Second World War construction supply rationing took effect. It was built by Danish contractor, Hans Jorgensen Hau (1878-1944), who had a flair for the construction of homes with a rustic character, and shares a number of design features with Hau’s own house at 5070 Canada Way.
Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage character of the Montague and Marcia Moore Residence include its: - location on a lakefront site, within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct - residential form, scale and massing as expressed by its one and one-half storey height, rectangular plan and front gabled roof - wood-frame construction - Tudor Revival elements such as stucco and wood half-timbering, diamond-leaded casement windows, scroll-cut brackets, brick nogging on the front façade, bird houses in the main front gable, waney-edged boards at gable peaks, plank front door with strap hinges and a prominent external cobblestone chimney - associated landscape features such as a granite wall, and mature coniferous and deciduous trees
Historic Neighbourhood
Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Morley-Buckingham Area
Organization
Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Builder
Hans Jorgensen Hau
Function
Primary Historic--Single Dwelling
Primary Current--Single Dwelling
Community
Deer Lake
Cadastral Identifier
P.I.D.006-082-696
Boundaries
The Montague and Marcia Moore Residence is comprised of a single residential lot located at 5165 Sperling Avenue, Burnaby.
Area
4104
Contributing Resource
Building
Ownership
Public (local)
Documentation
City of Burnaby Planning and Building Department, Heritage Site Files
Street Address
5165 Sperling Avenue
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Images
Less detail

Moore House

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark497
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Description
The Moore House is a one-storey, side-gabled house with stepped roof planes and a split-level attached garage. The house faces east, and features distinct river rock porch columns and a large central tapered chimney. It is located within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct, and is adjacent to a re…
Associated Dates
1941
Formal Recognition
Community Heritage Register
Other Names
Ethel Moore Residence
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Other Names
Ethel Moore Residence
Geographic Access
Sperling Avenue
Associated Dates
1941
Formal Recognition
Community Heritage Register
Enactment Type
Council Resolution
Enactment Date
26/05/2003
Description
The Moore House is a one-storey, side-gabled house with stepped roof planes and a split-level attached garage. The house faces east, and features distinct river rock porch columns and a large central tapered chimney. It is located within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct, and is adjacent to a related house, the Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence, built the following year.
Heritage Value
The Moore House is significant for its relationship to first owner, Ethel Hutchings Moore (1884-1948), who purchased the property from Maud and Harriet Woodward, two of Deer Lake's first residents. Moore purchased the property with the hopes of introducing her children into the house construction business. This house, built in 1941, borrows its design from a 'California Desert House' built in Carmel a few years earlier. Rendered in traditional materials, this modern style merges comfortably with the rustic British Arts and Crafts tradition of most Deer Lake houses. Unusual for being built during wartime date, it was built at a time when domestic construction was severely curtailed due to shortages of labour and material. It is now owned by the City of Burnaby and is part of the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct. The Moore House is significant as a testament to Deer Lake's continued popularity as a residential neighbourhood in the 1940s. Although Burnaby was serviced by a number of transportation links at the time, the increasing availability of automobiles provided improved access to outlying suburbs. Rising real estate prices in Vancouver and New Westminster attracted residents to this neighbourhood because of its relative affordability, central location and beautiful scenery.
Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage character of the Moore House include its: - location within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct - residential form, scale and massing as expressed by its one-storey height, linear plan, side gabled roof with multiple roof planes and split-level attached garage - wood-frame construction with stucco cladding - river rock porch columns and external tapered chimney - decorative embellishments including scroll-cut stickwork on the rear elevation and waney-edged boards in the gable peaks - wooden-sash casement windows with three-part, horizontal leading - associated landscaping features, including stone wall at the front of the property and coniferous and deciduous trees surrounding the property
Historic Neighbourhood
Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Morley-Buckingham Area
Function
Primary Historic--Single Dwelling
Primary Current--Single Dwelling
Community
Deer Lake
Cadastral Identifier
P.I.D. 011-454-521
Boundaries
The Moore House is comprised of a single residential lot located at 5145 Sperling Avenue, Burnaby.
Area
993.39
Contributing Resource
Building
Ownership
Public (local)
Documentation
City of Burnaby Planning and Building Department, Heritage Site Files
Street Address
5145 Sperling Avenue
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Images
Less detail

Parkcrest Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark671
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
On May 10, 1951, the Burnaby News-Courier reported on the new Parkcrest subdivision, saying: "Central Burnaby is the scenic locale of a successful attempt to produce modern houses economically and yet avoid the mass production effect common to other housing developments. That is one of the many highlights peculiar to the new Parkcrest development of 275 homes...By giving home purchasers a wide choice of finishes, extras and colours, hundreds of variations are possible on the six basic floor plans...Travelling time by car to Hastings and Granville from Parkcrest has been clocked at 15 minutes...Both primary and junior high schools are within walking distance. A modern shopping centre is planned for the future...Several streets are laid out in a straight but irregular manner, thus eliminating the prosaic side by side appearance block by block, as in other housing developments."
Planning Study Area
Parkcrest-Aubrey Area
Images
Less detail

Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark498
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Description
The Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence is a one-storey ranch-style bungalow with a cross-gabled roofline, located on Sperling Avenue. It is located within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct, and is adjacent to a related house, the Ethel Moore Residence, built the previous year.
Associated Dates
1942
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Geographic Access
Sperling Avenue
Associated Dates
1942
Description
The Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence is a one-storey ranch-style bungalow with a cross-gabled roofline, located on Sperling Avenue. It is located within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct, and is adjacent to a related house, the Ethel Moore Residence, built the previous year.
Heritage Value
This house is significant for its connection with first owner, Rosalie Barrett, the daughter of Ethel Hutchings Moore, who lived in the adjacent house at 5145 Sperling Avenue. A spacious modernist bungalow, it was constructed in 1942, and was designed by Rosalie Moore herself. Moore intended to build several houses on this property, but further development was curtailed due to wartime restrictions on domestic construction. The Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence is a testament to Deer Lake's continued popularity as a residential neighbourhood in the 1940s. Although Burnaby was serviced by a number of transportation links at the time, the increasing availability of automobiles provided improved access to outlying suburbs. Rising real estate prices in Vancouver and New Westminster attracted residents to this neighbourhood because of its relative affordability, central location and beautiful scenery.
Defining Elements
Key elements that define the heritage character of the Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence include its: - location within the Deer Lake Park Heritage Precinct - residential form, scale and massing as expressed by its one-storey height, rambling linear plan and cross-gabled roof - wood-frame construction with stucco siding and waney-edged boards in the gable peaks - red brick on the front façade and rough-cut granite at the base of the house - Modernist design as exemplified by the asymmetrical, linear plan with low pitched roof - internal granite chimney - original windows, including wooden-sash casement windows in double and triple-assembly with four-part, horizontal leading - original front door with glass block sidelights - associated landscape features such as granite gateposts, foundation plantings and mature coniferous trees
Historic Neighbourhood
Burnaby Lake (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Morley-Buckingham Area
Function
Primary Historic--Single Dwelling
Primary Current--Single Dwelling
Community
Deer Lake
Cadastral Identifier
P.I.D.006-082-696
Boundaries
The Rosalie (Moore) Barrett Residence is comprised of a single residential lot located at 5155 Sperling Avenue, Burnaby.
Area
11291.44
Contributing Resource
Building
Ownership
Public (local)
Documentation
City of Burnaby Planning and Building Department, Heritage Site Files
Street Address
5155 Sperling Avenue
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Images
Less detail

Shell Oil Company

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark675
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
ca. 1930-1993
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Geographic Access
Kensington Avenue
Associated Dates
ca. 1930-1993
Heritage Value
After considering several sites in the Greater Vancouver area, the Shell Oil Company chose 70 acres in North Burnaby with frontage of one third of a mile on Burrard Inlet. Shell proposed to build a four-million dollar plant that would employ up to 2000 - providing some relief in the middle of Burnaby's economic crisis of the Depression years. The site became known as the Shellburn Refinery and was in operation until 1993.
Historic Neighbourhood
Lochdale (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Westridge Area
Images
Less detail

Vancouver Heights Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark666
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
Vancouver Heights remained an important residential and commercial centre in Burnaby throughout the 1925-1954 period. The area had its own Board of Trade and the North Burnaby Library was created to serve the residents. In 1949, the Hastings streetcars stopped running, but the area retained its reputation as one of the best shopping districts in the city.
Historic Neighbourhood
Vancouver Heights (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Burnaby Heights Area
Images
Less detail

Vincent & Edna Dodd Residence

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark650
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Description
Residential building.
Associated Dates
1941
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Geographic Access
Clinton Street
Associated Dates
1941
Description
Residential building.
Heritage Value
Designed to simulate a Norman cottage, the most distinctive feature of this eclectic bungalow is its round entrance tower with a conical shaped roof. Other distinctive features include rolled roof edges clad with steam-bent shingles to resemble a thatched roof, and round-arched windows surrounded with initiation voussoirs. The traditional character reflects the Storybook Cottage movement popular in the years between the two World Wars. It was built for Vincent Esmond Dodd (1913-1985), a plumber and electrician, and his wife Edna Mary Dodd (née Engeseth). Edna continued to live in the house after Vincent’s death in 1985.
Locality
Alta Vista
Historic Neighbourhood
Alta Vista (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Clinton-Glenwood Area
Area
613.16
Contributing Resource
Building
Ownership
Private
Street Address
6270 Clinton Street
Street View URL
Google Maps Street View
Images
Less detail

Westridge Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark680
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
The Westridge Neighbourhood of Burnaby was created as a new subdivision during the post-World War Two housing boom in Burnaby. Developed by the C.B. Riley Company, it was laid out in a plan contoured to the shapes of the land and was situated to allow residents easy access to main transportation routes.
Historic Neighbourhood
Lochdale (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Westridge Area
Images
Less detail

Willingdon Heights Neighbourhood

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/landmark670
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Repository
Burnaby Heritage Planning
Associated Dates
1925-1954
Heritage Value
Willingdon Heights was another new subdivision developed in Burnaby during the post-World War Two building boom. A brochure about the development published in 1948 proclaimed "the Willingdon Heights 500 home development project in Burnaby fulfills its promise to provide a self-contained community for former members of the armed services and their families...the largest single veteran housing project in Canada as far as homes for individual ownership is concerned, Willingdon Heights development was planned by the Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation...At this date the earlier built rows of homes have passable roads and the owners are improving lawns and gardens in spare time...eventually additional stores and professional services will be installed and recreational projects will add to the amenities of a community of congenial residents..."
Planning Study Area
Willingdon Heights Area
Images
Less detail

5th Burnaby Brownie Pack scrapbook

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription4584
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1948-1965
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Girl Guides fonds
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 scrapbook (2 digital files : (pdfs) + 58 photographs : col. (tiffs)) + 1 file of textual records + photographs + illustrations + ephemera
Scope and Content
File consists of images and original records from a scrapbook that was created by Mrs.M. Bate during her involvement with Burnaby Girl Guides. The original scrapbook is titled: "Scrapbook / Presented to / 5th Burnaby Brownie Pack / by Mrs. M. Bate / April 7th 1948" . The scrapbook contains 62 photo…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Girl Guides fonds
Series
Burnaby Girl Guides scrapbooks and photographs series
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 scrapbook (2 digital files : (pdfs) + 58 photographs : col. (tiffs)) + 1 file of textual records + photographs + illustrations + ephemera
Scope and Content
File consists of images and original records from a scrapbook that was created by Mrs.M. Bate during her involvement with Burnaby Girl Guides. The original scrapbook is titled: "Scrapbook / Presented to / 5th Burnaby Brownie Pack / by Mrs. M. Bate / April 7th 1948" . The scrapbook contains 62 photographs, newspaper clippings, original artwork and memorabilia for 5th Brownie Pack; 1948 to 1965. Many of the photographs are described with notes on each page, some photographs refer to : a group photo of brownies and leaders gathered on April 7th, 1948 for the "Presentation of 3 Proficiency Badges and 17 Golden Bars" outside [St. Alban's church]; A Guide Rally at Hastings Auditorium; Sports Day events held at Stanley Park June 1948; Girl Guide parade floats for Community Day 1949 and 1950; Lady Baden-Powell in Vancouver ca. 1952; 3rd Brownie Pack Easter visit to Eatons; Christmas Party 1958 and a Gathering of Guides and Scouts on Burnaby Mountain [1961].Scrapbook also includes various awards, certificates, original artwork, correspondence and a pop up Christmas Card.
Creator
Bate, May
Subjects
Organizations - Girls' Societies and Clubs
Names
Bate, May
5th Burnaby Brownie Pack
Girl Guides of Canada
Accession Code
BV015.35.156
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
1948-1965
Media Type
Photograph
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of file
Digital images were created of the scrapbook prior to selective retention of original records
A selection of textual records have been retained under BV015.35.156
A selection of photographs from scrapbook have been retained and some are described at item level (BV015.35.169 to BV015.35.188)
Christmas card is described separately under BV015.35.332
Images
Documents
Less detail

50th Anniversary G.G.C.

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription4594
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
[1926-1979]
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Girl Guides fonds
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 scrapbook (51 photographs + 1 postcard + textual records)
Scope and Content
File consists of a scrapbook with a handpainted wood cover titled "50th Anniversary / G.G.C". The scrapbook documents events and ceremonies of the 4th Guide Company with the first half of the scrapbook containing photographs and documents regarding the 50th Anniversary of Girl Guides which was cele…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Girl Guides fonds
Series
Burnaby Girl Guides scrapbooks and photographs series
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 scrapbook (51 photographs + 1 postcard + textual records)
Scope and Content
File consists of a scrapbook with a handpainted wood cover titled "50th Anniversary / G.G.C". The scrapbook documents events and ceremonies of the 4th Guide Company with the first half of the scrapbook containing photographs and documents regarding the 50th Anniversary of Girl Guides which was celebrated at St. Nicholas Church in 1960 while the second half documents earlier events from 1926, as well as other events in the 1960s such as; "Year of the Golden Jubilee", a parade in North Burnaby as well as Thinking Day 1976-1978, banquets, a disco contest, camping on Hollyburn mountain and a visit to Victoria in 1979. On November 3rd, 1926 the company was registered as the 5th Burnaby Guide company, in 1951 the number was changed to the 4th Vancouver Guide Company and in 1956 the number was changed to the 4th Burnaby Company.
Subjects
Organizations - Girls' Societies and Clubs
Names
Girl Guides of Canada
St. Nicholas Anglican Church
Accession Code
BV015.35.166
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
[1926-1979]
Media Type
Textual Record
Photograph
Notes
Transcribed title
Items within scrapbook have been redacted in compliance with Section 22 of FIPPA
A selection of photographs are described at item level (BV015.35.285 to BV.015.35.300).
Images
Documents

2015_0035_0166_folded_redacted

Less detail

A Family Farm

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription14268
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
2020
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Village Museum fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 sound recording (mp3) (00:13:57 min)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a recording of part one in a series of three “Back to the Roots” podcasts about the history of Chinese-Canadian farming in Burnaby and the lower mainland. Part one is titled “A Family Farm”. The podcasts were created by students Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong from the Faculty of Land an…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Village Museum fonds
Series
UBC Partnership series
Subseries
Back to the Roots Podcast series - 2020 subseries
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 sound recording (mp3) (00:13:57 min)
Material Details
Podcasts hosts: Rose Wu; Wei Yan Yeong Persons from recorded extracts: Denise Fong; Josephine Chow Music: prod. riddiman Podcast Date: October 2020 Total Number of tracks: 1 Total Length of all tracks: 00:13:57 min Photograph info: Store front of Way Sang Yuen Wat Kee & Co in Victoria, B.C., 1975. BV017.7.191
Scope and Content
Item consists of a recording of part one in a series of three “Back to the Roots” podcasts about the history of Chinese-Canadian farming in Burnaby and the lower mainland. Part one is titled “A Family Farm”. The podcasts were created by students Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong from the Faculty of Land and Food Systems at the University of British Columbia Faculty and while student interns at Burnaby Village Museum. In this series the students connect their knowledge of food systems to their shared Chinese heritage in order to discover how Chinese Canadian history is rooted in their local food systems. 00:00-02:21 The podcast opens with Wei Yan Yeong and Rose Wu introducing themselves and their topic- the Chinese Canadian experience in Burnaby and the people who have made important contributions to the city’s development. “A Family Farm” talks about Chinese-owned businesses which are family run. “The family-oriented nature of Chinese-owned businesses also extend to many of the early (and current) Chinese-owned farms in the Burnaby Big Bend area. When Chinese men first began farming in BC in the 1860s, a lot of them worked as labourers because they weren’t allowed to own land. After World War II many of these farmers were allowed to purchase lots, thanks to the Veterans Land Grant. These grants allowed returning veterans to purchase small parcels of land with government loans. Eventually, these men would start families on the farm, and many Chinese-owned farms became family-operated businesses where every member, male, female, child, and extended relatives were enlisted to work the grounds. And it was hard work, often from dawn to dusk, 6-7 days a week.” 02:23 – 07:50 This portion includes excerpts from Oral History interview with Josephine Chow (nee Hong) of Hop On Farms in the Burnaby Big Bend area. The interview was conducted by Burnaby Village Museum researcher Denise Fong. Josephine recalls growing up on the family farm with her six siblings. She tells of how the family pulled together money to purchase twelve acres along Marine Drive in 1951, her family’s background, daily life on the farm , responsibilities on the farm for her and her siblings and of how her mother had to balance working on the farm and providing for a family of ten to twelve people. 07:51 – 08:10 In this portion, hosts comment and reflect on their own experiences. “While it’s likely that a lot of this was done out of necessity and not being able to afford additional paid labourers, having grown up in Chinese households ourselves, we can definitely understand the rationale for these family-operated businesses and how it connects back to the Chinese understanding of family and kinship.” 08:11 – 09:06 In this portion, Rose and Wei provide information on the roots of the Chinese character for family “jia” in mandarin or “gah” in Cantonese. They explain that the term family is composed of two parts: the upper element is like a roof, symbolizing shelter, and the bottom part represents a pig which symbolizes food, whereby the Chinese character for family represents that of a farm. They provide a quote from the writings of Francois de Martin-Donos “In ancient China, the farm is an enterprise, a shelter that insures one food and work. The farm is a place to rely on, but in return, needs to be maintained, including a set of responsibilities. In other words, “family” is the insurance of a stable life.” 09:07 – 10:27 In this portion, the hosts speak about how traditional Chinese thought is heavily influenced by the teachings of Confucius and Confucius philosophy. They explain how Confucius emphasized five sets of human relationships that form the basis for society: ruler and minister, husband and wife, parents and child, sibling and sibling, friend and friend. Of these five, three are familial relationships also known as Filial piety – the respect and care for one’s familial superiors (such as parents, elders, and ancestors). They speak of how this is one of Confucianism’s main teachings and in this respect caring for family members is seen as a moral obligation. In China housing arrangements are in the form of siheyuan”s — a type of residence that featured a courtyard surrounded on all four sides with buildings. These traditionally housed one large extended family if they were wealthy enough. 10:28 – 13:08 In this portion, hosts provide further information on Josephine Chow’s family experience working and living on the “Hop On” family farm through the decades. An excerpt from the interview with Josephine Chow conducted by Denise Fong is included. In this excerpt, Josephine reflects on her past experiences on the farm and her present day experiences of her siblings running the farm. 13:09 -13:56 Final summary, credits and acknowledgements.
History
Podcast hosts, Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong are University of British Columbia students in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems and student interns at Burnaby Village Museum.
Creator
Burnaby Village Museum
Subjects
Persons - Chinese Canadians
Agriculture - Farms
Agriculture
Gardens - Market Gardens
Social Issues - Discrimination
Social Issues - Racism
Names
Fong, Denise
Responsibility
Wu, Rose
Yeong, Wei Yan
Geographic Access
Marine Drive
Accession Code
BV020.28.3
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
No known restrictions
Date
2020
Media Type
Sound Recording
Historic Neighbourhood
Fraser Arm (Historic Neighbourhood)
Planning Study Area
Big Bend Area
Related Material
BV020.28.4; BV020.28.5
Notes
Title based contents of sound recording
See also Interview with Josephine Chow by Denise Fong February 7, 2020 - BV020.6.1
Compilation of Research Resources used by authors Rose Wu and Wei Yan Yeong include:
Why is family important in China? https://medium.com/@francois_dmd/why-is-family-so-important-in-china-1617b13a67
Burnaby Village Museum - Interview with Josephine Chow by Denise Fong Feb. 7, 2020. BV020.6.1 https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/permalink/museumsoundrecording12337
Covered Roots: The History of Vancouver's Chinese Farms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4WHS2Uf3JU
Burnaby Village Museum Shares Chinese-Canadian Farming History This Summer https://westcoastfood.ca/burnaby-village-museum-shares-chinese-canadian-farming-history-this-summer/
Chinese Market Gardeners in the City of Burnaby BC Continue to Practice Urban Agriculture https://cityfarmer.info/chinese-market-gardeners-in-the-city-of-burnaby-bc-continue-to-practice-urban-agriculture/
Chinese Market Gardening in BC https://www.bcfoodhistory.ca/chinese-market-gardening-bc/
Images
Audio Tracks
Less detail

Agricultural and floral societies' papers

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription57952
Repository
City of Burnaby Archives
Date
1922 (date of original) -1970
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Historical Society fonds
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 file of textual records and 1 photograph : b&w ; 8.5 cm x 8 cm
Scope and Content
File consists of miscellaneous promotional materials and certificates pertaining to agricultural and floral societies in British Columbia, including the Burnaby Rhododendron Society. File also contains one photograph a display at an agricultural fair.
Repository
City of Burnaby Archives
Date
1922 (date of original) -1970
Collection/Fonds
Burnaby Historical Society fonds
Series
Community Archives Collection series
Subseries
Bancroft family subseries
Physical Description
1 file of textual records and 1 photograph : b&w ; 8.5 cm x 8 cm
Description Level
File
Record No.
MSS030-001
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Accession Number
BHS1986-44
Scope and Content
File consists of miscellaneous promotional materials and certificates pertaining to agricultural and floral societies in British Columbia, including the Burnaby Rhododendron Society. File also contains one photograph a display at an agricultural fair.
Media Type
Textual Record
Photograph
Notes
Title based on contents of file
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Brigadeer Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15128
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
18 Jun. 1943
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of an air mail letter written by Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment, 44th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter, Colin tells of how…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of an air mail letter written by Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment, 44th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter, Colin tells of how he's happy to be back with his regiment after finishing his stay in hospital; thanks May for the chocolates that she sent and how he expects to receive his third stripe which means a raise on top of his Sergeant's pay.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Bateman, Marianne May
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Accession Code
BV020.27.16
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
18 Jun. 1943
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Address on front of air mail letter reads: "Miss M. Bateman / 3896 W. 25th Ave. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Return address on front of air mail letter reads: "K 19022 Bdr. C.R.Fox / 44th Fld. Bty. / 13th Fld. Reg't. R.C.A. A.F. / Cdn Army Over"
Stamp in blue ink on front of air mail letter reads: "13 FD. RECT. R.C.A. / OUT GOING MAIL"
Circular post mark on front of air mail letter reads: "FIELDRCST_OFFICE / * JU 19/ 43"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15143
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
5 Dec. 1944
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter Colin describes his health recovering from his wounds; shares his current experience in Holland near the German border; recalls a visit to Belgium; tells of how other fellows that landed on D-Day will be taking leave in England and that he would like to visit Paris on his next leave.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.31
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
5 Dec. 1944
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss May Bateman / c/o Miss Ruth Dale / Box 167 , / WEST SUMMERLAND, B.C."
Circular postmark stamps read: "WEST SD... [sic] / AM / DE 23 / 44/ ..." and "DEC 21 / 6 PM / 1944"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15145
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
27 Dec. 1944
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter Colin reflects on how he spent Christmas day and how he discovered that the camp cook came from the Burnaby Lake area.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.32
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
27 Dec. 1944
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: "FIELD POST OFFICE 403 / 8 / DE 29 / 44"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15146
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
20 Dec. 1944
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter Colin thanks May for the Christmas parcel she sent; how he received a backlog of letters addressed to him at the convalescent hospital; how the boys that landed on D-Day are taking leave in England; describes a Christmas party that his regiment put on for twenty kids in a nearby town and says that he looks forward to a good Christmas dinner provided there isn't any unexpected action.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.33
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
20 Dec. 1944
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o Miss Ruth Dale / West Summerland / B.C. / Canada / Box 158" (crossed out address reads: "c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C...")
Circular postmark stamps read: "JAN 4 / 8 PM / 1945" and " SUMMERLAND / AM / JAN 6 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15147
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
8 Feb. 1945
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter Colin tells of how his regiment is now in Germany and that he is writing to her from a bombed out cellar in a German town; he tells of his current position as Battery Signal Sergeant and of how he and his regiment observed a German soldier being captured.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.34
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
8 Feb. 1945
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: FIELD POST OFFICE.../ FE 12 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15148
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
28 Feb. 1945
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. Co…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. Colin writes his letter while in Germany; he describes the current state of the war there and how the soldiers are eating much better.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.35
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
28 Feb. 1945
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: FIELD POST OFFICE 487 / * / MR 3 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15149
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
24 Mar. 1945
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. Co…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. Colin writes his letter from a cellar somewhere in Germany; he tells of how the mail has had a tough time getting through; thanks May for her parcel that she sent; how they've been fighting hard against the Germans and how he hopes that it will all be over soon.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.36
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
24 Mar. 1945
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: FIELD POST OFFICE 487 / * / MR 27 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15150
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
5 Apr. 1945
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a handwritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter, Colin thanks May for a registered letter containing a neck chain; how the troops are advancing on the Germans each day and of how the people were glad to see them when they crossed the Rhine into Holland.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.37
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
5 Apr. 1945
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: FIELD POST OFFICE 487 / * / AP 7 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

Air mail letter from Colin Fox to May Bateman

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15151
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
7 Apr. 1945
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
E.W. Bateman family fonds
Series
Bateman family World War II letters series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (double sided and folded)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten air mail letter from Sergeant Colin Rhodes Fox of the Royal Canadian Artillery Service to his aunt Marianne "May" Bateman while serving overseas during World War II. Colin Fox served in the 13th Canadian Field Regiment with the 44th and 78th Canadian Field Battery. In his letter, Colin thanks May for her last letter; he tells of how he's been in touch with his younger brother Allan who is unhappy that he's too young to go overseas; wonders about the war in Japan and whether he'll volunteer after the war is over in Europe; he conveys that he is part of the Third Division and that they are going to get a new insignia patch with a rat in the centre due to their division nickname "the water rats" resulting from time spent fighting in the flooded areas.
Subjects
Wars - World War, 1939-1945
Documentary Artifacts - Letters and Envelopes
Names
Fox, Colin Rhodes
Bateman, Marianne May
Accession Code
BV020.27.38
Access Restriction
Restricted access
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
7 Apr. 1945
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
10-Feb-2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Air mail letter is addressed to: "Miss M. Bateman / c/o C.P.R. Land Dept. / Vancouver B.C. / Canada"
Circular postmark stamps read: FIELD POST OFFICE 487 / * / AP 10 / 45"
Stamp on outside of air mail letter reads: "PASSED BY / CENSOR / No. / 11800"
Return address on outside of air mail letter reads: "K19022 Sgt. / C.R.Fox"
Images
Less detail

262 records – page 2 of 11.