16 records – page 1 of 1.

Blessing for the Administration/Entrance Building of the Burnaby Village Museum

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription4822
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
18 Feb. 1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p.
Scope and Content
Document titled "The Blessing of the Site for the Administration/Entrance Building of the/ Burnaby Village Museum.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association Board of Directors' administrative files series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p.
Scope and Content
Document titled "The Blessing of the Site for the Administration/Entrance Building of the/ Burnaby Village Museum.
Accession Code
BV018.21.2
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Date
18 Feb. 1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Images
Less detail

British Columbia Spring Festival certificate

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription16731
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1975
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1p.
Scope and Content
Items consists of a certificate awarded to Jack Barclay as a participant in the British Columbia Spring Festival, Festival Celebration and Official Opening at Century Park, Heritage Village, Burnaby. The certificate is dated May 15-June 16, 1975 and is signed by Premier Honary Chairman, Dave Barret…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Heritage Village Museum presentation and programming series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1p.
Scope and Content
Items consists of a certificate awarded to Jack Barclay as a participant in the British Columbia Spring Festival, Festival Celebration and Official Opening at Century Park, Heritage Village, Burnaby. The certificate is dated May 15-June 16, 1975 and is signed by Premier Honary Chairman, Dave Barrett; Provincial Secretary, Honorary President, G. Hall [sic]; Festival General Chairman, B.L. Colby.
Subjects
Documentary Artifacts - Certificates
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Century Park Museum Association
Accession Code
BV020.5.1802
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
No known restrictions
Date
1975
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
600
Scan Date
June 18, 2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Images
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association architectural records and reports series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13985
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1972-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
219 architectural drawings + 17 technical drawings + .5 m of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of architectural records, reports and documentation related to the construction, renovation, alteration and expansion of the Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) site and buildings between 1972 and 1989.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association architectural records and reports series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
219 architectural drawings + 17 technical drawings + .5 m of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of architectural records, reports and documentation related to the construction, renovation, alteration and expansion of the Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) site and buildings between 1972 and 1989.
Accession Code
BV019.52
BV020.5
Date
1972-1989
Media Type
Architectural Drawing
Textual Record
Technical Drawing
Related Material
See also: Burnaby Centennial '71 Committee collection; Burnaby Village Museum fonds
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals aare expected
Contact Burnaby Village Museum for access
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association Board of Directors' administrative files series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13991
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
60 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of administrative records retained by the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) Board of Directors. Series includes correspondence, reports and documentation regarding the governance and administration of the association as well as the governance, admi…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association Board of Directors' administrative files series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
60 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of administrative records retained by the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) Board of Directors. Series includes correspondence, reports and documentation regarding the governance and administration of the association as well as the governance, administration and operations of the Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum).
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.44
BV014.30
BV016.56
BV018.21
BV020.5
Access Restriction
Subject to FIPPA
Reproduction Restriction
Reproductions subject to FIPPA
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association committees' minutes and reports series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription18670
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
[1972]-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
1 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of records pertaining to various committees while Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) was under the governance of the Century Park Museum Association. Records include committee minutes, reports, terms of reference and correspondence.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association committees' minutes and reports series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
1 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of records pertaining to various committees while Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) was under the governance of the Century Park Museum Association. Records include committee minutes, reports, terms of reference and correspondence.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.44
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
[1972]-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association constitution, bylaws and agreements series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13989
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
5 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of the Constitution and Bylaws of the Century Park Museum Association (1971-1983), Burnaby Village Museum Association (1984-1989) as well as agreements with the Corporation of the District of Burnaby, the British Columbia Society of Model Engineers and CUPE 23 regarding the governan…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association constitution, bylaws and agreements series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
5 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of the Constitution and Bylaws of the Century Park Museum Association (1971-1983), Burnaby Village Museum Association (1984-1989) as well as agreements with the Corporation of the District of Burnaby, the British Columbia Society of Model Engineers and CUPE 23 regarding the governance, management, staffing and operations of Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) between October 1971 and December 1989.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV014.30
BV020.5
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association finanical records series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription18672
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Scope and Content
Series consists of financial records, reports and budgets regarding the operations of the Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) and the Century Park Museum Association.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association finanical records series
Description Level
Series
Material Details
3 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of financial records, reports and budgets regarding the operations of the Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) and the Century Park Museum Association.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV020.5
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association fonds

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription3781
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Fonds
Physical Description
1814 photographs + 219 architectural drawings + 17 technical drawings + 4 videocassettes + 3 audio reels + 17 audio cassettes + 1.6 m of textual records + 2 maps
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of records created and collected by the Century Park Museum Association (renamed Burnaby Village Museum Association after 1984), which managed Heritage Village (later named Burnaby Village Museum) from its opening in 1971 until it's dissolution in December 1989. Records include archi…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Fonds
Physical Description
1814 photographs + 219 architectural drawings + 17 technical drawings + 4 videocassettes + 3 audio reels + 17 audio cassettes + 1.6 m of textual records + 2 maps
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of records created and collected by the Century Park Museum Association (renamed Burnaby Village Museum Association after 1984), which managed Heritage Village (later named Burnaby Village Museum) from its opening in 1971 until it's dissolution in December 1989. Records include architectural drawings and proposals; photographs and films of the site; documentation of exhibits and artifacts, special events and programs; oral history interviews and other sound recordings; association meeting minutes; constitutions and bylaws; financial records; reports; correspondence; publications and research materials. Fonds has been arranged into the following series: 1) Century Park Museum Association photograph collection series 2) Century Park Museum Association film collection series 3) Century Park Museum Association architectural records and reports series 4) Heritage Village Museum oral history Interviews series 5) Heritage Village Museum presentations and Programming series 6) Century Park Museum Association reports series 7) Century Park Museum Association constitution, bylaws and agreements series 8) Century Park Museum Association minutes of meetings series 9) Century Park Museum association Board of Directors' administrative files series 10) Century Park Museum membership series 11) Heritage Village Museum exhibits and artifacts series 12) Century Park Museum Association committees' minutes and reports series 13) Museum staff adminstrative files series 14) Century Park Museum Association financial records series
History
The Heritage Village Museum was originally created as a British Columbia Centennial Project in 1971 through funding from the Federal, Provincial and Municipal governments. A sub-committee of the Burnaby Centennial '71 Committee was responsible for the creation of a permanent commemorative project. The concept for an open-air museum was developed with the location to be in Burnaby on lots 8,9, 10 and 11 of District Lot 79 and Lots 2 and 5, Block "R" of Districts Lots 79 and 85. The official sod turning for Heritage Village took place on April 11, 1971. In the spring of 1971, a museum director and curator were hired to oversee the development of the project and the acquisition of artifacts with funding from the Parks and Recreation Commission. The Century Park Museum Association (CPMA) was founded under the auspices of the Burnaby Centennial '71 Committee to govern Burnaby's Centennial '71 Commemorative Project, Heritage Village. The CPMA Board of directors were elected on October 26, 1971 with Donald (Don) Copan as the founding president (Don continued to serve on the Board until 1989). The Board of Directors reported directly to the Municipal Council. The association had an overall objective of providing a museum that was a historical resource for Burnaby and the region. The museum mandate was to collect, preserve, research, document and interpret artifacts and historical buildings that illustrated the history and lifestyle of the Lower Mainland in B.C. and Burnaby. The Museum focused on the period between 1890 and 1925 depicting a village lifestyle of a small community. This was achieved through the use of exhibits and displays within historic buildings and built reconstructions along with costumed museum interpreters. Many people contributed to the construction and design of the village. Architect, Rudy Kovach created the initial concept drawings and architecture designs were created by architectural design consultants Hopping, Kovach and Grinnell. Many carpenters and tradespeople worked on the construction of the buildings including Mr. Angelo Giacometti who was respsonible for much of the final decorative elements. The official opening of Heritage Village took place on November 19, 1971 with Burnaby Mayor Bob Prittie and Canada’s Governor General Roland Michener. Heritage Village was opened up to the public for a few days between November 19 and 21 with approximately 15,000 visitors. On July 1st, 1972 Heritage Village re-opened for the summer season with CPMA president, Don Copan and Mayor Bob Prittie officiating. This opening showcased further development of the site with more buildings and exhibits added. In 1984, Heritage Village Museum changed its name to “Burnaby Village Museum” and in turn, the Century Park Museum Association changed its name to the “Burnaby Village Museum Association”. Burnaby Village Museum continued to be governed by the Burnaby Village Museum Association until the end of 1989. In 1990, the Corporation of the District of Burnaby assumed the operation and management of Burnaby Village Museum under the Parks, Recreation and Cultural Services Department and the Burnaby Village Museum Association was dissolved.
Responsibility
Century Park Museum Association
Accession Code
BV985.6028
BV005.14
BV000.18
BV011.44
BV011.50
BV014.30
BV016.56
BV017.46
BV018.21
BV019.52
BV020.4
BV020.5
BV021.5
BV022.9
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Photograph
Sound Recording
Textual Record
Architectural Drawing
Moving Images
Cartographic Material
Technical Drawing
Related Material
Donald Copan fonds
Burnaby Centennial '71 Committee collection
Royal Bank exhibit collection
Bell's Dry Goods exhibit collection
Jesse Love farmhouse fonds
Burnaby Village Museum fonds
Arrangement
Records are arranged by types and functions of the Century Park Museum Association. The series reflects how they were maintained by the associaton, it's members and staff of Heritage Village (Burnaby Village Museum) while under the governance of the association.
Notes
Title based on contents of fonds
Further accruals are expected
Some records within this fonds are Closed - contact Burnaby Village Museum for access
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association membership series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13992
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
3 folders of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of records pertaining to membership of the Century Musuem Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) between October 1971 and December 1989. Records include membership lists, receipts and correspondence.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association membership series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
3 folders of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of records pertaining to membership of the Century Musuem Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) between October 1971 and December 1989. Records include membership lists, receipts and correspondence.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.44
BV014.30
BV020.5
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected.
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association minutes of meetings series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13990
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
37 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of minutes of meetings of the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) Board of Directors, Executive and Annual General Meetings between October 1971 and December 1989.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association minutes of meetings series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
37 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of minutes of meetings of the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) Board of Directors, Executive and Annual General Meetings between October 1971 and December 1989.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.44
BV014.30
BV020.5
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Futher accruals are expected
Less detail

Century Park Museum Association reports series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13988
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1974-1985
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
35 cm of textual records + 1 videocassette
Scope and Content
Series consists of annual reports and reports regarding the staffing, volunteers, operations, marketing, financing and policies of Heritage Village (Burnaby Village Museum) under the governance of the Century Park Museum Association (1971-1983) and the Burnaby Village Museum Association (1984-1989)…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Century Park Museum Association reports series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
35 cm of textual records + 1 videocassette
Scope and Content
Series consists of annual reports and reports regarding the staffing, volunteers, operations, marketing, financing and policies of Heritage Village (Burnaby Village Museum) under the governance of the Century Park Museum Association (1971-1983) and the Burnaby Village Museum Association (1984-1989).
Accession Code
BV011.44
BV014.30
BV019.52
BV020.4
BV020.5
Date
1974-1985
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Contact Burnaby Village Museum for access
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Heritage Village Museum presentation and programming series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription13987
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1971-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
2 audio reels + 10 audio cassettes + 344 photographs + 10 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of audio recordings, photographs and textual records of Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) presentations involving staff orientation and training, interpretive guides as well as school and public programming while under the governance of Century Park Museum Association…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Heritage Village Museum presentation and programming series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
2 audio reels + 10 audio cassettes + 344 photographs + 10 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of audio recordings, photographs and textual records of Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) presentations involving staff orientation and training, interpretive guides as well as school and public programming while under the governance of Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum).
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.44
BV020.5
Date
1971-1989
Media Type
Sound Recording
Photograph
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Heritage Village Museum staff adminstrative files series

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription18671
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
1972-1989
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
4.5 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of administrative records created by staff of Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) while it was under the governance and administration of the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) between November 1971 and December 1989. Records include co…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Heritage Village Museum staff adminstrative files series
Description Level
Series
Physical Description
4.5 cm of textual records
Scope and Content
Series consists of administrative records created by staff of Heritage Village Museum (Burnaby Village Museum) while it was under the governance and administration of the Century Park Museum Association (Burnaby Village Museum Association) between November 1971 and December 1989. Records include correspondence, reports, and administrative records created and filed by the Executive Director, Curator and other employees regarding staffing, volunteers, collections management, exhibits, special events, buildings, visitor statistics and day to day operations.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.50
BV020.5
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
1972-1989
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of series
Further accruals are expected
Less detail

Japanese bath house (Ofuro) for Heritage Village

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription17075
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
Oct. 27 1976
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p.
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten copy of a letter written by Heritage Village Museum curator, John Adams regarding the proposed Japanese Bath House or Ofuro at Heritage Village.
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Heritage Village Museum staff adminstrative files series
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p.
Scope and Content
Item consists of a typewritten copy of a letter written by Heritage Village Museum curator, John Adams regarding the proposed Japanese Bath House or Ofuro at Heritage Village.
Names
Burnaby Village Museum
Accession Code
BV011.50.18
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
No known restrictions
Date
Oct. 27 1976
Media Type
Textual Record
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Documents
Less detail

Miss Burnaby - Diane Luu

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription15312
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
Aug. 1972
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 booklet + 2 p.
Scope and Content
File consists of publication "Chinatown News" Vol. 19- No.23 August 18, 1972 with cover photograph of Miss Burnaby (Diane Luu) (photographer: Ho Tung Studio) and a two page typewritten biography about Diane Luu. Diane Veronica Luu was crowned Miss Burnaby Princess in a beauty pageant sponsored by t…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Series
Heritage Village Museum presentation and programming series
Description Level
File
Physical Description
1 booklet + 2 p.
Scope and Content
File consists of publication "Chinatown News" Vol. 19- No.23 August 18, 1972 with cover photograph of Miss Burnaby (Diane Luu) (photographer: Ho Tung Studio) and a two page typewritten biography about Diane Luu. Diane Veronica Luu was crowned Miss Burnaby Princess in a beauty pageant sponsored by the Burnaby Jaycees in July 1972. In her role as Miss Burnaby she represented the Burnaby municipality as a goodwill ambassador in all public functions, including the official opening of Burnaby Heritage Village in July 1972.
Publisher
Chinatown News - 459 East Hastings Street, Vancouver B.C. - Chinese Publicity Bureau Ltd.
Subjects
Persons - Chinese Canadians
Names
Luu, Diane
Accession Code
BV020.5.1661
Access Restriction
Subject to FIPPA
Reproduction Restriction
Reproductions subject to FIPPA
Date
Aug. 1972
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
300
Scan Date
March 17, 2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of file
Description information taken from page 28 of Chinatown News Vol. 19-No.23
Images
Less detail

Proclamation re Heritage Day

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/museumdescription14765
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Date
21 Feb. 1977
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (oversize)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a Corporation of the District of Burnaby Proclamation for "Heritage Day" signed by Mayor Thomas W. Constrable. Proclamation reads: "Whereas the visible reminders of our past represent a distinct cultural and economic asset to the Municipality of Burnaby: and Whereas the wise conser…
Repository
Burnaby Village Museum
Collection/Fonds
Century Park Museum Association fonds
Description Level
Item
Physical Description
1 p. (oversize)
Scope and Content
Item consists of a Corporation of the District of Burnaby Proclamation for "Heritage Day" signed by Mayor Thomas W. Constrable. Proclamation reads: "Whereas the visible reminders of our past represent a distinct cultural and economic asset to the Municipality of Burnaby: and Whereas the wise conservation and development of our heritage can be accomplished only with the active interest and involvement of our citizens; and Whereas Citizens can contribute to the safeguarding of our heritage for present and future generations both by becoming personally more aware of the heritage around us and by supporting citizen groups actively involved in heritage conservation such as Heritage Village; Now, Therefore I, Thomas W. Constable Mayor of the Corporaton of the District of Burnaby do hereby proclaim, Monday February 21st, 1977 as "Heritage Day" in Burnaby in recognition of the part which our heritage plays in the quality of modern life in our City".
Accession Code
BV020.5.1660
Access Restriction
No restrictions
Reproduction Restriction
May be restricted by third party rights
Date
21 Feb. 1977
Media Type
Textual Record
Scan Resolution
300
Scan Date
January 12, 2021
Scale
100
Notes
Title based on contents of item
Images
Less detail

16 records – page 1 of 1.