Search Results | Heritage Burnaby

1796 1st Street

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription37677

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1940] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 3.9 x 2.3 cm print on contact sheet 20.2 x 25.3 cm

Scope and Content: Photograph of the back view of 1796 1st Street taken from a distance (later renumbered 7419 1st Street). The house was built before 1918.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1940] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Burnaby Image Bank subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 3.9 x 2.3 cm print on contact sheet 20.2 x 25.3 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 370-265

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1999-03

Scope and Content: Photograph of the back view of 1796 1st Street taken from a distance (later renumbered 7419 1st Street). The house was built before 1918.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph; 1 b&w copy negative accompanying; Negative has a pink cast

Geographic Access: 1st Street

Street Address: 7149 1st Street

Historic Neighbourhood: East Burnaby (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Second Street Area

Images

1796 1st Street

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription37678

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1940] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 4.5 x 3.0 cm print on contact sheet 20.2 x 25.3 cm

Scope and Content: Photograph of the front view of 1796 1st Street (later renumbered 7149 1st Street). The house was built before 1918.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1940] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Burnaby Image Bank subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 4.5 x 3.0 cm print on contact sheet 20.2 x 25.3 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 370-266

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1999-03

Scope and Content: Photograph of the front view of 1796 1st Street (later renumbered 7149 1st Street). The house was built before 1918.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph; 1 b&w copy negative accompanying; Negative has a pink cast

Geographic Access: 1st Street

Street Address: 7149 1st Street

Historic Neighbourhood: East Burnaby (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Second Street Area

Images

7119-7125 17th Ave and 7016-7124 18th Ave

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription94299

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1993

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Description Level: File

Physical Description: 12 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Scope and Content: Photographs of two single-family homes and their surrounding properties.

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1993

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Physical Description: 12 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Description Level: File

Record No.: 622-084

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No restrictions

Accession Number: 2017-39

Scope and Content: Photographs of two single-family homes and their surrounding properties.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Transcribed title; Title transcribed from envelope photographs were originally housed in; File no. 93-515-B; Photographer identified as "J.C."

Geographic Access: 17th Avenue; 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Stride Avenue Area

7128-7143 Edmonds and 7131-7143 18th Ave

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription93760

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: May 11, 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 cm x 15 cm

Scope and Content: Photographs of three single-storey houses located at 7131-7143 18th Avenue (addresses that no longer exist) with a high-rise condominium in the background. 7131-7143 18th Avenue are now 7139 18th Avenue. The condominium in the distance is located at 7108 Edmonds Avenue.

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: May 11, 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 cm x 15 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 622-045

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No restrictions

Accession Number: 2017-39

Scope and Content: Photographs of three single-storey houses located at 7131-7143 18th Avenue (addresses that no longer exist) with a high-rise condominium in the background. 7131-7143 18th Avenue are now 7139 18th Avenue. The condominium in the distance is located at 7108 Edmonds Avenue.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Photographer: Young, Richard

Notes: Transcribed title; Title transcribed from envelope photograph was originally housed in; File no. 92-190-B

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue; Edmonds Street

Street Address: 7139 18th Avenue; 7108 Edmonds Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Stride Avenue Area

7143 - 18th Ave

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription93758

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 cm x 15 cm

Scope and Content: Photograph of a white, single-storey house located at 7143 18th Avenue - an address that no longer exists. The current address of the property is 7139 18th Avenue.

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 cm x 15 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 622-043

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No restrictions

Accession Number: 2017-39

Scope and Content: Photograph of a white, single-storey house located at 7143 18th Avenue - an address that no longer exists. The current address of the property is 7139 18th Avenue.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Transcribed title; Title transcribed from envelope photographs were originally housed in; File no. 92-188-B

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7139 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Stride Avenue Area

7165-7177 17th Ave and 7164-7176 18th Ave

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription93752

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: April 30, 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Description Level: File

Physical Description: 23 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Scope and Content: Photographs of the single-family houses located at 7165-7177 17th Avenue and 7164-7176 18th Avenue - addresses that no longer exist - as well as a building being constructed. The current address of the properties is 7175 17th Avenue.

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: April 30, 1992

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Physical Description: 23 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Description Level: File

Record No.: 622-037

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No restrictions

Accession Number: 2017-39

Scope and Content: Photographs of the single-family houses located at 7165-7177 17th Avenue and 7164-7176 18th Avenue - addresses that no longer exist - as well as a building being constructed. The current address of the properties is 7175 17th Avenue.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses; Geographic Features - Roads; Construction

Media Type: Photograph

Photographer: Cameron, James

Notes: Transcribed title; Title transcribed from envelope photographs were originally housed in; File no. 92-135-B

Geographic Access: 17th Avenue; 18th Avenue

7183-7195 17th Ave and 7182-7194 18th Ave Burnaby

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription93893

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: June 1993

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Description Level: File

Physical Description: 25 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Scope and Content: Photographs of a townhouse complex and surrounding area located at 7183-7195 17th Avenue and 7182-7194 18th Avenue - addresses that no longer exist.

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: June 1993

Collection/Fonds: Grover, Elliott & Co. Ltd. fonds

Physical Description: 25 photographs : col. negatives ; 35 mm

Description Level: File

Record No.: 622-076

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No restrictions

Accession Number: 2017-39

Scope and Content: Photographs of a townhouse complex and surrounding area located at 7183-7195 17th Avenue and 7182-7194 18th Avenue - addresses that no longer exist.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Townhouses; Geographic Features - Roads

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Transcribed title; Title transcribed from envelope photographs were originally housed in; File no. 93-291-B; Photographer identified as "J.C."

Geographic Access: 17th Avenue; 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Stride Avenue Area

Annette Thompson and Ruth Hollands

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription37836

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1944 (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 2.7 x 4.7 cm print on contact sheet 20.6 x 26.2 cm

Scope and Content: Photograph of Annette Thompson and Ruth Hollands standing on the lot of 631 18th Avenue (later renumbered 7865 18th Avenue). The Carpenter family home is visible in the background.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1944 (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Burnaby Image Bank subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 2.7 x 4.7 cm print on contact sheet 20.6 x 26.2 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 370-424

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1999-03

Scope and Content: Photograph of Annette Thompson and Ruth Hollands standing on the lot of 631 18th Avenue (later renumbered 7865 18th Avenue). The Carpenter family home is visible in the background.

Names: Hollands, Ruth; Thompson, Annette

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph; 1 b&w copy negative accompanying; Negative has a pink cast

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7865 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Annette Thompson and Ruth Hollands, 1944 (date of original), copied 1991 thumbnail

Charles, Ruth and Oz Hollands

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription37835

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1944] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 2.8 x 4.9 cm print on contact sheet 20.6 x 26.2 cm

Scope and Content: Photograph of Charles and Ruth Hollands, and their son Oz, standing at the lot of 631 18th Avenue (later renumbered as 7865 18th Avenue).

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1944] (date of original), copied 1991

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Burnaby Image Bank subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 2.8 x 4.9 cm print on contact sheet 20.6 x 26.2 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 370-423

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1999-03

Scope and Content: Photograph of Charles and Ruth Hollands, and their son Oz, standing at the lot of 631 18th Avenue (later renumbered as 7865 18th Avenue).

Names: Hollands, Charles "Charlie"; Hollands, Oz; Hollands, Ruth

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph; 1 b&w copy negative accompanying; Negative has a pink cast

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7865 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Charles, Ruth and Oz Hollands, [1944] (date of original), copied 1991 thumbnail

D.C. Patterson house

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription34981

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1908 (date of original), copied 1986

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 8.8 x 12.5 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of the home of Dugald C. Patterson, Sr., and his family. The house was originally located at 7260 Edmonds Street (near Kingsway). It was relocated in 1955 to 7106 18th Avenue and is a city heritage site.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1908 (date of original), copied 1986

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Patterson family subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 8.8 x 12.5 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 171-002

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1986-20

Scope and Content: Photograph of the home of Dugald C. Patterson, Sr., and his family. The house was originally located at 7260 Edmonds Street (near Kingsway). It was relocated in 1955 to 7106 18th Avenue and is a city heritage site.

Subjects: Buildings - Residential - Houses

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: Edmonds Street; 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7260 Edmonds Street; 7106 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Stride Avenue Area

Images

D.C. Patterson house, 1908 (date of original), copied 1986 thumbnail

Early elementary level class

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35972

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1940

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 7 x 10 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of an early elementary level school class lined up outside of their school in four rows, with the front row sitting cross-legged on the ground.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1940

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 7 x 10 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-021

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of an early elementary level school class lined up outside of their school in four rows, with the front row sitting cross-legged on the ground.

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Early elementary level class, 1940 thumbnail

Edmonds 1988 Graduates

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35960

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 x 15 cm

Scope and Content: Aerial photograph of Burnaby's last Edmonds graduates in a "1988" formation.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 x 15 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-009

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Aerial photograph of Burnaby's last Edmonds graduates in a "1988" formation.

Subjects: Ceremonies - Graduations

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds 1988 Graduates

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35961

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 x 15 cm

Scope and Content: Aerial photograph of Burnaby's last Edmonds fraduates in a "1988" formation.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : col. ; 10 x 15 cm

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-010

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Aerial photograph of Burnaby's last Edmonds fraduates in a "1988" formation.

Subjects: Ceremonies - Graduations

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds School and sports field

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35952

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 16 x 24.3 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of Edmonds Street School, including the sports field, taken from the New Vista Tower.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 16 x 24.3 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-001

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of Edmonds Street School, including the sports field, taken from the New Vista Tower.

Subjects: Buildings - Schools; Geographic Features - Neighbourhoods

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Photographer: Magus, Merv

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds School and sports field

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35953

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : sepia ; 12.5 x 17.5 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of Edmonds Street School, including the sports field, taken from the New Vista Tower.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : sepia ; 12.5 x 17.5 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-002

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of Edmonds Street School, including the sports field, taken from the New Vista Tower.

Subjects: Buildings - Schools; Geographic Features - Neighbourhoods

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds School and sports field

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35954

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : sepia ; 10 x 15 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of one section of Edmonds Street School and sports field.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: December 1987

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : sepia ; 10 x 15 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-003

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: Reproduce for fair dealing purposes only

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of one section of Edmonds Street School and sports field.

Subjects: Buildings - Schools; Geographic Features - Neighbourhoods

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds School back staircase

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35962

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1944

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 5.5 x 7.5 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of the rear of the main building at Edmonds Street School. Students are lining up the back staircase.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: 1944

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 5.5 x 7.5 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-011

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of the rear of the main building at Edmonds Street School. Students are lining up the back staircase.

Subjects: Buildings - Schools

Names: Edmonds Community School

Media Type: Photograph

Notes: Title based on contents of photograph

Geographic Access: 18th Avenue

Street Address: 7651 18th Avenue

Historic Neighbourhood: Edmonds (Historic Neighbourhood)

Planning Study Area: Edmonds Area

Images

Edmonds School back staircase, 1944 thumbnail

Edmonds School class

https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/link/archivedescription35969

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1909 or 1910]

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Description Level: Item

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 7.5 x 10 cm print

Scope and Content: Photograph of an Edmonds Street School class lined up in rows outside of their classroom. All of the children have their arms folded in front of them, with the first two rows sitting cross-legged, and the last two rows standing on their feet.

1 image

Repository: City of Burnaby Archives

Date: [1909 or 1910]

Collection/Fonds: Burnaby Historical Society fonds

Series: Community Archives Collection series

Subseries: Edmonds School subseries

Physical Description: 1 photograph : b&w ; 7.5 x 10 cm print

Description Level: Item

Record No.: 207-018

Access Restriction: No restrictions

Reproduction Restriction: No known restrictions

Accession Number: BHS1988-07

Scope and Content: Photograph of an Edmonds Street School class lined up in rows outside of their classroom. All of the children have their arms folded in front of them, with the first two rows sitting cross-legged, and the last two rows standing on their feet.